Load & Wrangle Zillow Data

Intro loops & functions

Published

October 21, 2024

Library load

library(tidyverse)
library(tidyquant) # contains coord_x_datetime for dates as coordinates
library(scales)

This data, from Zillow, comes to us in two files; one associated with selling price and one with listing price. We well join the datasets together so that each house is an observation and list price and sell price are variables.

0. load data

sell <- read_csv("https://euclid.nmu.edu/~joshthom/Teaching/DAT309/Week9/Metro_invt_fs_uc_sfrcondo_sm_month_sell.csv") |> janitor::clean_names()

list <- read_csv("http://euclid.nmu.edu/~joshthom/Teaching/DAT309/Week9/Metro_new_listings_uc_sfrcondo_sm_month_list.csv") |> janitor::clean_names()

print(sell, n = 5)
# A tibble: 928 × 84
  region_id size_rank region_name region_type state_name x2018_03_31 x2018_04_30
      <dbl>     <dbl> <chr>       <chr>       <chr>            <dbl>       <dbl>
1    102001         0 United Sta… country     <NA>           1421528     1500193
2    394913         1 New York, … msa         NY               73707       80345
3    753899         2 Los Angele… msa         CA               21998       23784
4    394463         3 Chicago, IL msa         IL               38581       42253
5    394514         4 Dallas, TX  msa         TX               24043       25876
# ℹ 923 more rows
# ℹ 77 more variables: x2018_05_31 <dbl>, x2018_06_30 <dbl>, x2018_07_31 <dbl>,
#   x2018_08_31 <dbl>, x2018_09_30 <dbl>, x2018_10_31 <dbl>, x2018_11_30 <dbl>,
#   x2018_12_31 <dbl>, x2019_01_31 <dbl>, x2019_02_28 <dbl>, x2019_03_31 <dbl>,
#   x2019_04_30 <dbl>, x2019_05_31 <dbl>, x2019_06_30 <dbl>, x2019_07_31 <dbl>,
#   x2019_08_31 <dbl>, x2019_09_30 <dbl>, x2019_10_31 <dbl>, x2019_11_30 <dbl>,
#   x2019_12_31 <dbl>, x2020_01_31 <dbl>, x2020_02_29 <dbl>, …
print(list, n = 5) 
# A tibble: 923 × 84
  region_id size_rank region_name region_type state_name x2018_03_31 x2018_04_30
      <dbl>     <dbl> <chr>       <chr>       <chr>            <dbl>       <dbl>
1    102001         0 United Sta… country     <NA>            391816      453877
2    394913         1 New York, … msa         NY               20008       23619
3    753899         2 Los Angele… msa         CA                9187       10007
4    394463         3 Chicago, IL msa         IL               12675       15359
5    394514         4 Dallas, TX  msa         TX                8606       10075
# ℹ 918 more rows
# ℹ 77 more variables: x2018_05_31 <dbl>, x2018_06_30 <dbl>, x2018_07_31 <dbl>,
#   x2018_08_31 <dbl>, x2018_09_30 <dbl>, x2018_10_31 <dbl>, x2018_11_30 <dbl>,
#   x2018_12_31 <dbl>, x2019_01_31 <dbl>, x2019_02_28 <dbl>, x2019_03_31 <dbl>,
#   x2019_04_30 <dbl>, x2019_05_31 <dbl>, x2019_06_30 <dbl>, x2019_07_31 <dbl>,
#   x2019_08_31 <dbl>, x2019_09_30 <dbl>, x2019_10_31 <dbl>, x2019_11_30 <dbl>,
#   x2019_12_31 <dbl>, x2020_01_31 <dbl>, x2020_02_29 <dbl>, …

1. rename x’s with sell and list, respectively

First, we rename variables to make it easier to interpret the list & sell price variables. We have rename_with use the str_replace function to perform a renaming of many variables at once.

  • The ~ syntax makes str_replace into a function whose argument.
  • The data is sent to the . spot.
  • Thy syntax is str_replace(data, thing_to_replace, new_string)
sell <- sell |> rename_with(~str_replace(.,"x","sell_"))
list <- list |> rename_with(~str_replace(.,"x","list_"))

2. use names() and head() to note the 1st 10 variables

list |> names() |> head(n=10)
 [1] "region_id"       "size_rank"       "region_name"     "region_type"    
 [5] "state_name"      "list_2018_03_31" "list_2018_04_30" "list_2018_05_31"
 [9] "list_2018_06_30" "list_2018_07_31"
sell |> names() |> head()
[1] "region_id"       "size_rank"       "region_name"     "region_type"    
[5] "state_name"      "sell_2018_03_31"

3. Joining 101:

There are several ways of joining two data sets together, some are illustrated below.

joins

join two data sets with full_join

Joining two data frames using “left_join” or “right_join” requires a variable common to both data frames and keeps data. We use full_join to bring in new (non-redundant) variables.

Learn more about joining here.

list_sell <- full_join(sell,list)

5. pivot to get plotable data

# 
# selling price & listing price are variables 
zillow <- pivot_longer(list_sell,
                      cols = starts_with("sell"),
                      names_to = "sell_date",
                      values_to = "sell_price") |> 
  pivot_longer(
    cols = starts_with("list"),
    names_to = "list_date",
    values_to = "list_price")

zillow <- zillow |> 
  mutate(
    list_date = as_datetime(str_remove(list_date,"list_")),
    sell_date = as_datetime(str_remove(sell_date,"sell_"))
    ) |> 
  relocate(list_date,.before=1)

7. filter to get some reasonable sized data

# parameter "name" : vector of strings of state names: c("CO","MI")
# parameter "number" : the number of regions to pull from each states
get_states <- function(name, number){
  
  # empty dataset
  d <- {}
  for (i in 1:length(name)){
    # print the name of the state for sanity
    print(name[i])
    
    # get all data for the given name
    my_states <- filter(zillow, state_name %in% name[i])
    
    # grab a few region_names from each state
    some_names <- distinct(my_states,region_name) |> 
      slice_sample(n = number)
    
    some_regions <- filter(my_states, 
                           region_name %in% pull(some_names))
    # could also do some_names[[1]] to extract the vector from the tibble
    
    d <- bind_rows(d,some_regions)
  }
  return(d)
}

zil_sub <- get_states(c("CO","MI","AL","FL"),3)
[1] "CO"
[1] "MI"
[1] "AL"
[1] "FL"

8. plot prices for each region

p <- ggplot(zil_sub, aes(x = sell_date, y = sell_price,
                         group = region_name,
                         color = region_name)) + geom_line()

print(p)

9. plot list prices for each region

# option 1: plot alongside the sell plot
q <- ggplot(zil_sub, aes(x = list_date, y = list_price,
                         group = region_name,
                         color = region_name)) + geom_line()

print(q)

This works better:

zz <- mutate(zil_sub, 
             sell_date = as_date(sell_date),
             list_date = as_date(list_date))
             
p <- ggplot(zz, aes(x = sell_date, y = sell_price,
                         group = region_name,
                         color = region_name)) + 
  geom_line(linetype = 1) + 
  geom_line(aes(x = list_date, y = list_price,
                group = region_name,
                color = region_name), linetype = 2)

This is even better:

# zoom to the interesting region 
p + scale_x_date(date_breaks = "2 years")

#p + coord_x_datetime(xlim = c("2018-01-01", "2023-12-31")) 
# even better still
p + scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 year", date_labels= "%Y")

Zoom in on post 2018

p + scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 year", date_labels= "%Y") + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 5))

Get better formatting on the y-axis

p + scale_x_date(
      date_breaks = "1 year", 
      date_labels= "%Y") + 
    theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 5)) +
    scale_y_continuous(label = label_dollar(prefix = "$"))

10. zoom to the interesting region

p + scale_x_date(
      date_breaks = "1 year", 
      date_labels= "%Y",
      limits = 
      c(as_date("2018-01-01"), as_date("2023-12-31")))  +
    theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 5)) +
    scale_y_continuous(label = label_dollar(prefix = "$")) + 
    labs(title = "Selling Price vs. Listing Price",
    subtitle = "Dotted line is listing price and solid line is selling price")

Save data for future work

This saves the variable zil_sub to the filename indicated below. Load it back up in R with load("zillow-data.Rdata").

save(zil_sub, file = "zillow-data.Rdata")