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title: "Some Basic Statistics"
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## Descriptive Statistics

Mean
: The average value of a dataset.

Median
: The middle value in a dataset when it's sorted.

Mode
: The most frequent value in a dataset.

Range
: The difference between the largest and smallest values.

Variance
: A measure of how spread out the data is.

Standard Deviation
: The square root of the variance, also a measure of spread.

Interquartile Range (IQR)
: The range between the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3).

Z-score
: A measure of how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Frequency Distribution
: A table or graph showing how often different values occur.

Histogram
: A bar graph where the bars are touching.


## Inferential Statistics

Sampling
: Selecting a subset of a population to study.

Probability
: The likelihood of an event occurring.

Hypothesis Testing
: Testing a claim about a population parameter.

Confidence Intervals
: A range of values that is likely to contain the population parameter.

Correlation
: The relationship between two variables.

Regression Analysis
: Predicting the value of one variable based on the value of another.


ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
: Comparing the means of multiple groups.

Chi-Square Test
: Testing for independence between categorical variables.

## Data Visualization

Bar Charts
: Comparing categories.

Line Charts
: Showing trends over time.

Pie Charts
: Representing parts of a whole.

Scatter Plots
: Showing the relationship between two variables.

Box Plots
: Summarizing the distribution of data.

## Key Terms and Concepts

Population
: The entire group being studied.

Sample
: A subset of the population.

Parameter
: A numerical characteristic of a population.

Statistic
: A numerical characteristic of a sample.   

Data
: A collection of observations.

Variable
: A characteristic that can take on different values.

Discrete Variable
: A variable that can take on only specific values.

Continuous Variable
: A variable that can take on any value within a range.